NABTEB Food and Nutrition Past Questions And Answers (Objective and Theory)
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs
Which mineral is essential for the formation of strong bones and teeth?
a) Iron
b) Calcium
c) Magnesium
d) Zinc
Answer: b) Calcium
What is the primary function of the gallbladder in the digestive system?
a) Producing insulin
b) Storing bile
c) Regulating metabolism
d) Synthesizing enzymes
Answer: b) Storing bile
Which of the following nutrients is a precursor to serotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates mood and sleep?
a) Vitamin C
b) Vitamin D
c) Vitamin B6
d) Vitamin K
Answer: c) Vitamin B6
What is the purpose of antioxidants in preventing cell damage?
a) Promote inflammation
b) Neutralize free radicals
c) Increase cholesterol levels
d) Enhance muscle growth
Answer: b) Neutralize free radicals
Which of the following statements about trans fats is true?
a) They are naturally found in some animal products.
b) They have no impact on cholesterol levels.
c) They are considered heart-healthy fats.
d) They are associated with an increased risk of heart disease.
Answer: d) They are associated with an increased risk of heart disease.
What is the main function of the kidneys in the human body?
Answer: The kidneys filter blood, remove waste products, regulate electrolyte balance, and maintain fluid balance in the body.
Section B: Theory Questions
Discuss the impact of a sedentary lifestyle on nutrition and overall health.
Answer: A sedentary lifestyle can lead to poor dietary choices, weight gain, and increased risk of chronic diseases. Lack of physical activity may compromise metabolism, bone health, and overall well-being. It is crucial to balance nutrition with regular exercise for optimal health.
Explain the term “nutrient absorption” and describe factors that can affect the absorption of nutrients in the digestive system.
Answer: Nutrient absorption is the process by which nutrients from food are taken into the bloodstream. Factors affecting absorption include the presence of other nutrients, digestive enzymes, and the health of the gastrointestinal tract. Certain conditions like malabsorption disorders can also impact nutrient absorption.
Discuss the importance of maintaining a healthy gut microbiome and how it can influence overall well-being.
Answer: A healthy gut microbiome supports digestion, nutrient absorption, and immune function. It also plays a role in mental health and may impact conditions like obesity and inflammation. Consuming fiber-rich foods, probiotics, and avoiding excessive use of antibiotics contribute to a balanced gut microbiome.
Explain the term “macronutrients” and provide examples of each.
Answer: Macronutrients are nutrients required in relatively large amounts for proper body functioning. They include carbohydrates (e.g., rice, bread), proteins (e.g., chicken, beans), and fats (e.g., olive oil, avocados). These provide energy and are essential for various physiological processes.
Discuss the potential health benefits and risks associated with a vegetarian or vegan diet.
Answer: A vegetarian or vegan diet can offer health benefits, such as lower risk of heart disease and certain cancers. However, potential risks include nutrient deficiencies like vitamin B12 and iron, which may require careful planning or supplementation to ensure a well-balanced diet.
