Food and Nutrition JAMB Past Questions And Answers (Objectives and Theory)
10 multiple-choice questions along with 5 theory questions for food and nutrition:
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions
Which of the following nutrients is considered a macronutrient?
a) Vitamin C
b) Calcium
c) Protein
d) Iron
Answer: c) Protein
Which vitamin is essential for the absorption of calcium in the body?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin C
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin E
Answer: c) Vitamin D
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
a) Providing energy
b) Building muscle
c) Regulating metabolism
d) Strengthening bones
Answer: a) Providing energy
Which of the following nutrients is essential for the formation of red blood cells?
a) Vitamin D
b) Iron
c) Vitamin K
d) Magnesium
Answer: b) Iron
What is the main source of omega-3 fatty acids?
a) Nuts and seeds
b) Leafy green vegetables
c) Fatty fish
d) Whole grains
Answer: c) Fatty fish
Which of the following is NOT a fat-soluble vitamin?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin C
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin E
Answer: b) Vitamin C
What is the recommended daily intake of fiber for adults?
a) 10 grams
b) 20 grams
c) 30 grams
d) 40 grams
Answer: c) 30 grams
Which mineral is essential for maintaining healthy bones and teeth?
a) Zinc
b) Potassium
c) Calcium
d) Sodium
Answer: c) Calcium
Which of the following nutrients is NOT a source of energy?
a) Protein
b) Carbohydrates
c) Fats
d) Vitamins
Answer: d) Vitamins
What is the main function of water in the body?
a) Providing energy
b) Regulating body temperature
c) Building muscle
d) Strengthening bones
Answer: b) Regulating body temperature
Section B: Theory Questions
Define the term “balanced diet” and discuss its importance in maintaining good health.
Answer: A balanced diet is one that provides all the essential nutrients in appropriate proportions to meet the body’s needs for growth, repair, and maintenance. It includes a variety of foods from different food groups, such as fruits, vegetables, grains, protein sources, and dairy products. A balanced diet is important for maintaining good health, as it ensures adequate intake of nutrients necessary for optimal functioning of the body systems, reducing the risk of malnutrition, chronic diseases, and nutritional deficiencies.
Explain the concept of “caloric balance” and its role in weight management.
Answer: Caloric balance refers to the relationship between the calories consumed through food and beverages and the calories expended through physical activity and metabolism. When caloric intake equals caloric expenditure, an individual is said to be in caloric balance, which helps maintain a stable body weight. To manage weight effectively, it is important to achieve a caloric balance by consuming an appropriate number of calories based on individual energy needs and expenditure.
Discuss the difference between simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates and provide examples of each.
Answer: Simple carbohydrates, also known as sugars, consist of one or two sugar molecules and are quickly digested and absorbed into the bloodstream, leading to rapid spikes in blood sugar levels. Examples include table sugar, honey, and fruit juices. Complex carbohydrates, on the other hand, consist of long chains of sugar molecules and take longer to digest, providing a steady release of energy. Examples include whole grains, legumes, and starchy vegetables.
Describe the role of proteins in the body and discuss the importance of consuming complete proteins.
Answer: Proteins are essential nutrients that serve as building blocks for tissues, muscles, enzymes, hormones, and antibodies in the body. They play crucial roles in growth, repair, and maintenance of body structures and functions. Complete proteins contain all the essential amino acids required by the body in adequate amounts, while incomplete proteins lack one or more essential amino acids. Consuming complete proteins ensures that the body receives all the necessary amino acids for optimal health and functioning.
Explain the significance of vitamins and minerals in the diet and discuss the potential consequences of vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
Answer: Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients that are essential for various physiological processes in the body, including metabolism, immune function, and bone health. They act as cofactors, enzymes, antioxidants, and structural components in biochemical reactions. Deficiencies in vitamins and minerals can lead to a range of health problems, such as weakened immune system, impaired growth and development, bone disorders, anemia, and neurological disorders. It is important to consume a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals to prevent deficiencies and maintain optimal health.
